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MPC89x54A 8-bit micro-controller
Features .................................................................................................................................. 2 General Description ............................................................................................................... 3 Order Information: ................................................................................................................. 3 Pin Description....................................................................................................................... 4 Pin Definition................................................................................................................. 4 Pin Configuration........................................................................................................... 6 Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 6 Special Function Register ...................................................................................................... 8 Memory.................................................................................................................................. 9 Organization................................................................................................................... 9 Nonvolatile Registers:.................................................................................................. 10 RAM ............................................................................................................................ 11 Embedded Flash........................................................................................................... 12 Functional Description......................................................................................................... 13 TIMERS/COUNTERS................................................................................................. 13 TIMER0 (T0) AND TIMER1 (T1) ...................................................................... 15 TIMER2 ............................................................................................................... 16 Interrupt........................................................................................................................ 20 Watchdog Timer........................................................................................................... 22 Serial IO Port (UART) ................................................................................................. 23 www..com Reset............................................................................................................................. 26 Power Saving Mode and POF...................................................................................... 26 In System Programming (ISP) ..................................................................................... 27 In-Application Program ............................................................................................... 31 Note for Other SFR...................................................................................................... 32 Absolute Maximum Rating (MPC89E54A) ........................................................................ 33 DC Characteristics (MPC89E54A)...................................................................................... 33 Absolute Maximum Rating (MPC89L54A) ........................................................................ 34 DC Characteristics (MPC89L54A)...................................................................................... 34 Package Dimension.............................................................................................................. 35 Revision History .................................................................................................................. 38
This document contains information on a new product under development by Megawin. Megawin reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice. (c) Megawin Technology Co., Ltd. 2008 All rights reserved. 2008/12 version A12
MEGAWIN
Features
80C51 Central Processing Unit 16KB on-chip program memory ISP capability; optional 1KB/2KB/4KB ISP memory shared with data flash memory. IAP capability; up to 47 K bytes programmable data flash available shared with ISP memory. On-Chip 256 bytes scratch-pad RAM and 1024 bytes auxiliary RAM; Be capable of addressing up to 64 K bytes external memory MOVC-disabling, encrypting, and locking flash memory realize security mechanism. Three 16-bits timer/counter, Timer2 is an up/down counter with programmable clock output on P1.0 Eight sources, four-level-priority interrupt capability Enhanced UART, provides frame-error detection and hardware address-recognition Dual DPTR for fast-accessing of data memory 15 bits Watch-Dog-Timer with 8-bit pre-scalar, one-time enabled Power control: Idle mode and Power-Down mode; Power-Down can be woken-up by P3.2/P3.3/P4.2/P4.3 Low EMI: inhibit ALE emission Four 8-bits bi-directional ports; extra four-bit additional P4 are available for PLCC-44 and PQPF-44 On-Chip flash program/data memory: - The data endurance of the embedded flash gets over 20,000 times. - Greater than 100 years data rentention under room temperature Operating Voltage: - 4.5V~5.5V for MPC89E54A
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for MPC89L54A, minimum 2.7V requirement in flash write operation (ISP/ICP/......)
- Built-in Low-Voltage-Reset circuit. Operating Temperature - Industrial (-40C to +85C)* Maximum Operating Frequency: - Optional 12T or 6T mode - Up to 48MHz@12T or 24MHz@6T, Industrial range Three package types: - PDIP 40: MPC89x54AE - PLCC 44: MPC89x54AP - PQFP 44: MPC89x54AF *: Tested by sampling
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
General Description
PC89x54A is a single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with the instruction sets fully compatible with industrial-standard 80C51 series microcontroller. There is 16 Kbytes flash memory embedded for application program. A 47 Kbytes data flash is shared by both In-System Programming code and In-Application-Programming code. In-System-Programming and In-Application-Programming allow the users to download new code or data while the microcontroller sits in the running state. There are 1280 bytes on-chip RAM embedded that are provided to implement wide field applications. The user can configure the device to run in 12 clocks per machine cycle, or 6 clocks per machine cycle to achieve twice performance. MPC89x54A is built with four 8-bit I/O ports, one 4-bit I/O ports, three 16-bit timer/counters, an eight-source, four-priority-level interrupt structure, an enhanced UART, and on-chip crystal oscillator. It was fabricated in advanced embedded flash CMOS technology. Excellent flash-endurance, flash-retention, and code-protecting security make MPC89x54A as an excellent microcontroller. If the supply voltage of the device is lower than 3.7V/2.4V (Operate in the 5V/3V).The device can automatically go to reset, and we have named the Low-Voltage-Reset
Order Information:
Part Number Temperature Range
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Package
Packing
Operation Voltage x : (L/E)
MPC89x54AE MPC89x54AP MPC89x54AF
Industrial Industrial Industrial
PDIP-40 PLCC-44 PQFP-44
Tube Tube Tube
L:3V / E:5V L:3V / E:5V L:3V / E:5V
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Pin Description
Pin Definition
Pin Name
DIP-40
Pin Number
PLCC-44 PQFP-44
Type
Description
P0.0 (AD0) P0.1 (AD1) P0.2 (AD2) P0.3 (AD3) P0.4 (AD4) P0.5 (AD5) P0.6 (AD6) P0.7 (AD7) P1.0 (T2) P1.1 (T2EX) P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 40 41 42 43 44 1 2 3
B
Port0 is an open-drain, bi-directional IO port. When 1s are written to Port0, they become high-impedance inputs. Port0 is also multiplexed with low-order address or data bus during accesses to external program and data memory.
BU General-purposed I/O with weak pull-up resistance inside. When 1s are written into Port1, the strong output driving PMOS only turn-on two clock periods and then the weak pull-up resistance keep the port high. P1.0 is also used as one of event sources for timer2, or output carrier of timer2, alias T2. P1.1 is also used as one of interrupt-controlling sources for time2, alias T2EX.
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P2.0 (A8) P2.1 (A9) P2.2 (A10) P2.3 (A11) P2.4 (A12) P2.5 (A13) P2.6 (A14) P2.7 (A15) P3.0 (RXD) P3.1 (TXD) P3.2 (INT0) P3.3 (INT1) P3.4 (T0) 4
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 12 13 14
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 11 13 14 15 16
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 5 7 8 9 10
BU Port2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with pull-up resistance. Except being as GPIO, Port2 emits the high-order address byte during accessing to external program and data memory.
BU General-purposed I/O with weak pull-up resistance inside. When 1s are written into Port1, the strong output driving PMOS only turn-on two clock periods and then the weak pull-up resistance
MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
P3.5 (T1) P3.6 (/WR) P3.7 (/RD)
15 16 17
17 18 19
11 12 13
keep the port high. Port3 also serves other special functions of this device. P3.0 and P3.1 act as receiver and transceiver of the data for UART function block, Alias RXD and TXD. P3.2 and P3.3 also act as external interrupt sources, alias INT0 and INT1. P3.4 and P3.5 also act as event sources for timer0 and timer1 individually, alias T0 and T1. P3.6 also acts as write signal while access to external memory, alias /WR. P3.7 also acts as read signal while access to external memory, alias /RD.
P4.0 P4.1 P4.2 (/INT3) P4.3 (/INT2) RESET ALE 9 30
23 34 1 12 10 33
17 28 39 6 4 27
BU Port4 is extended I/O ports such like Port1. It can be available only on 44L-PLCC and 44L-PQFP package.
IS O
A high on this pin for at least two machine cycles will reset the device. Output pulse for latching the low byte of address during accesses to external memory.
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29 31
32 35
26 29
O I
The read strobe to external program memory, low active. EA must be kept at low to enable the device to fetch program code from external flash memory. An internal pull-up resistance has been embedded in this pin.
XTAL1 XTAL2 VDD VSS
19 18 40 20
21 20 44 22
15 14 38 16
I O P G
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier. Output from the inverting amplifier. Power Supply Ground
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Pin Configuration
(AD3) P0.3 (AD2) P0.2 (AD1) P0.1 (AD0) P0.0 VDD (INT3) P4.2 (T2) P1.0 (T2EX) P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4
(T2) P1.0 (T2EX) P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RESET (RXD) P3.0 (TXD) P3.1 (INT0) P3.2 (INT1) P3.3 (T0) P3.4 (T1) P3.5 (/WR) P3.6 (/RD) P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
VDD P0.0 (AD0) P0.1 (AD1) P0.2 (AD2) P0.3 (AD3) P0.4 (AD4) P0.5 (AD5) P0.6 (AD6) P0.7 (AD7) /EA ALE /PSEN P2.7 (A15) P2.6 (A14) P2.5 (A13) P2.4 (A12) P2.3 (A11) P2.2 (A10) P2.1 (A9) P2.0 (A8)
P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RESET (RXD) P3.0 (/INT2) P4.3 (TXD) P3.1 (INT0) P3.2 (INT1) P3.3 (T0) P3.4 (T1) P3.5
6 5 4 3 2 1 44 43 42 41 40 39 7 38 8 37 9 36 10 35 11 34 12 33 13 32 14 15 31 30 16 29 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 25 26 2728
MPC89x54AP (PLCC-44)
P0.4 (AD4) P0.5 (AD5) P0.6 (AD6) P0.7 (AD7) /EA P4.1 ALE /PSEN P2.7 (A15) P2.6 (A14) P2.5 (A13)
MPC89x54AE (PDIP-40)
P2.4 (A12) P2.3 (A11) P2.2 (A10) P2.1 (A9) P2.0 (A8) P4.0 VSS XTAL1 XTAL2 P3.7 (/RD) P3.6 (/WR)
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P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RESET (RXD) P3.0 (/INT2) P4.3 (TXD) P3.1 (INT0) P3.2 (INT1) P3.3 (T0) P3.4 (T1) P3.5
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 1 32 2 31 3 4 30 5 29 28 6 27 7 26 8 25 9 24 10 23 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 2122
(AD3) P0.3 (AD2) P0.2 (AD1) P0.1 (AD0) P0.0 VDD (INT3) P4.2 (T2) P1.0 (T2EX) P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4
MPC89x54AF (PQFP-44)
P0.4 (AD4) P0.5 (AD5) P0.6 (AD6) P0.7 (AD7) /EA P4.1 ALE /PSEN P2.7 (A15) P2.6 (A14) P2.5 (A13)
P2.4 (A12) P2.3 (A11) P2.2 (A10) P2.1 (A9) P2.0 (A8) P4.0 VSS XTAL1 XTAL2 P3.7 (/RD) P3.6 (/WR)
Block Diagram
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
P2.0 ~ P2.7
P0.0 ~ P0.7
Port2 Driver
Port0 Driver
RAM ADDR Register
RAM 256
Port2 Latch
Port0 Latch
B Register
ACC
Stack Pointer
Flash ROM
TMP2
TMP1 Timer 0/1
ISP
ALU
Timer 2
Address Generator
UART PSW WDT Program Counter
DPTR PSEN ALE EA RESET Port1 Latch Port3 Latch Port4 Latch
Control Unit
Port1 Driver Port3 Driver Port4 Driver
ERAM
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XTAL 1 XTAL 2
P1.0 ~ P1.7
P3.0 ~ P3.7
P4.0 ~ P4.3
MPC89X54A Block Diagram
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Special Function Register
F8 F0 E8 E0 D8 D0 C8 C0 B8 B0 A8 A0 98 90 88 80 B P4 ACC PSW T2CON XICON IP P3 IE P2 SCON P1 TCON P0
WDTCR
IFD
IFADRH
IFADRL
IFMT
SCMD
ISPCR
T2MOD SADEN
RCAP2L
RCAP2H
TL2
TH2
IPH SADDR AUXR1 SBUF TMOD SP TL0 DPL Reserved TL1 DPH TH0 TH1 AUXR PCON INITIAL VALUE 11111111B 00000111B 00000000B 00000000B IDL 01110000B IT0 00000000B M0 00000000B 00000000B 00000000B 00000000B 00000000B AO xxxxx00B T2 11111111B RI 00000000B xxxxxxxxB 11111111B DPS xxxx0xx0B EX0 00000000B 00000000B RXD 11111111B PX0H x0000000B PX0 x0000000B 00000000B IT2 CP/RL 00000000B DCEN xxxxxx00B 00000000B 00000000B 00000000B 00000000B P 00000000B 00000000B PS0 xx000000B 11111111B 00000000B 00000000B xxxxx000B xxxxxxxxB 000xx000B xxxx1111B 00000000B
SYMBOL P0 SP DPL DPH PCON TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 AUXR P1 SCON SBUF P2 AUXR1 IE SADDR P3 www..com IPH IP SADEN XICON T2CON T2MOD RCAP2L RCAP2H TL2 TH2 PSW ACC WDTCR IFD IFADRH IFADRL IFMT SCMD ISPCR P4 B
DESCRIPTION Port 0 Stack Pointer Data Pointer Low Data Pointer High Power Control SMOD SMOD0 POF GF1 Timer Control TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 Timer Mode GATE C//T M1 M0 GATE Timer Low 0 Timer Low 1 Timer High 0 Timer High 1 Auxiliary Port 1 Serial Control SM0 /FE M1 SM2 REN TB8 Serial Buffer Port 2 Auxiliary 1 GF2 Interrupt Enable EA ET2 ES ET1 Slave Address Port 3 RD WR T1 T0 INT1 Interrupt Priority High PX3H PX2H PT2H PSH PT1H Interrupt Priority Low PT2 PS PT1 Slave Address Mask External Interrupt Control PX3 EX3 IE3 IT3 PX2 Timer 2 Control TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 Timer2 mode Timer2 Capture Low Timer2 Capture High Timer Low 2 Timer High 2 Program Status Word CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 Accumulator Watch-dog-timer Control ENW CLW WIDL register ISP Flash data ISP Flash Address High ISP Flash Address Low ISP Mode Table ISP Serial Command ISP Control Register ISPEN BS SRST Port 4 EBH B Register
GF0 IT1 C//T
PD IE0 M1
ERAM T2EX RB8 TI
EX1
ET0
INT0 TXD PX1H PT0H PX1 PT0 EX2 TR2 IE2 C/T2 T2OE
OV PS2
PS1
MS2
MS1
MS0 ICK0 E8H
ICK2 ICK1 EAH E9H
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
Memory
Organization
00-7F 80-FF 80-FF RAM, Access it via direct addressing SFR, Access it via direct addressing indirect on-chip RAM, Access it via indirect addressing on-chip expanded RAM (1024B), Access it via MOVX instruction off-chip memory, enabled by setting ERAM
0000-03FF 0000-
03FF
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FZWDTCR
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00 0000 7
Bit-7
80 7F
Address Space for MPC89x54A Embedded Flash Memory
Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 ISPAS1 ISPAS0 Non-volatile register OR0 Bit-2 MOVCL Bit-1 SB Bit-0 LOCK
FF
Address Space for MPC89x54A RAM
0000-3FFF 4000-FBFF
Program Memory (16KB) NonVolatile data memory shared with ISP program memory. ISP program could take 1KB, 2KB or 4KB depending on OR0[5:4]
FBFF
4000 3FFF 6 5 4 3 OSCDN Non-volatile register OR1
2
1 HWBS
0 EN6T
MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Nonvolatile Registers:
There are two Nonvolatile Registers named OR0 and OR1 individually. They are designed to configure the MPC89x54A options. Generally these two nonvolatile registers will be written via a popular NVM writer, i.e., Hi-Lo System All-11, Leaper-48 and Megawin-Provided MCU writer. Furthermore, the user can change the NVM register OR1 by the ISP program in a manner as same as writing the data flash, but OR0 can only be written via an off-line popular NVM writer. NVM register: OR0 (Option Register 0):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 ISPAS1 Bit-4 ISPAS0 Bit-3 Bit-2 MOVCL Bit-1 SB Bit-0 LOCK
{ISPAS1, ISPAS0}: Used to identify the start address for ISP program {0, 0}:= The ISP space is from 0xEC00 to 0xFBFF (4K size). {0, 1}:= The ISP space is from 0xF400 to 0xFBFF (2K size). {1, 0}:= The ISP space is from 0xF800 to 0xFBFF (1K size) {1, 1}:= No ISP space. These two bits decide where the ISP program locates, and how the ISP program and the data flash shares the 47K embedded flash. MOVCL: Used to determine if MOVC instruction will be disabled. 0:= MOVC is conditionally disabled. 1:= MOVC is always available. SB: Used to determine if the program code will be scrambled while it is dumped. 0:= Code dump from Writer is scrambled. 1:= Code dump from Writer is transparent.
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LOCK: Used to determine if the program code will be locked against the popular writer. 0:= lock code. 1:= does not lock code if the code is locked, all the data dumped from a popular will always show FFh.
Please check file "initial Configuration.pdf" to get the default value of the OR0.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
NVM register: OR1 (Option Register 1):
Bit-7 FZWDTCR Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 OSCDN Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 HWBS Bit-0 EN6T
FZWDTCR: Used to freeze the WDT-controlling register. 0:=Configure the SFR WDTCR to be reset only via power-up action, not by software reset nor reset from the Watch Dog Timer. 1:=(default) Permit all the reset events from power-up, software and the Watch Dog Timer could reset the SFR WDTCR. OSCDN: Used to adjust the behavior of crystal oscillator. 0:= The DC gained of crystal oscillator amplifier is doubled but bandwidth is reduced. It will bring help to EMI reducing and improve the power consumption. Dealing with application does not need high frequency clock (under 20MHz), and it is recommended to do so. 1:= The gained of crystal oscillator is enough for oscillator to start oscillating up to 48 MHz. HWBS: Used to configure the MPC89x54A boot from ISP program or normal application program after the power-on sequence. 0:= The MPC89x54A will boot from ISP start address after power-on. 1:= No operation. The MPC89x54A will boot from normal application program. EN6T: Used to configure the MPC89x54A run in 6T 12T mode or 6T mode. 0:= The MPC89x54A will run in 6T mode 1:= The MPC89x54A will run in 12T mode
The default value of the OR1 is FFh.
RAM
There are 1280 bytes RAM built in MPC89x54A.
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The user can visit the leading 128-byte RAM via direct addressing instructions, we have named
those RAM as direct RAM that occupies address space 00h to 7Fh. Followed 128-byte RAM can be visited via indirect addressing instructions, we have named those RAM as indirect RAM that occupied address space 80h to FFh. The other 1024-byte RAM is named expanded RAM that still occupied address space 0000h to 03FFh. An user can access it via general register Ri, or via data pointers DPTR associated with MOVX instructions, say MOVX
A, @R1
or
MOVX
A, @DPTR.
To reserve the natural characteristic
of instruction MOVX which is designed to access external memory, the user can set the bit ERAM in SFR AUXR as 1, and by doing so is to hide the expanded RAM and to visit the external memory.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
11
Embedded Flash
There is totally 63 K bytes flash embedded in the MPC89x54A. The leading 16 K bytes flash memory is designed for storage of the user program, and followed 47 K bytes flash memory is shared with nonvolatile data flash and ISP program. While the program counter of MPC89x54A is spanning over 3FFFh, the device will fetch its program code from the external memory at once ignoring the /EA pin status. In that case, it will never fetch the program code from the following embedded flash. The user can develop the ISP program and put it into the embedded flash that addressed from EC00h, F400h, or F800h by configuring OR0 [5:4]. Excluding the ISP program, the remained flash spaces can be taken as data flash which can be read, even written by the application program or the ISP program from the user.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
Functional Description
TIMERS/COUNTERS
MPC89x54A has three 16-bit timers, and they are named T0, T1 and T2. Each of them can also be used as a general event counter, which counts the transition from 1 to 0.
While T0/T1/T2 is used as "timer" function, the time unit that used to measure the timer is machine cycle. A machine cycle equals 12 or 6 oscillator periods, and it depends on 12T mode or 6T mode that the user configured this device. While T0/T1/T2 is used as "1-0 event counter" function, the counting event is the "high-to-low transition" of primitive pin T0/T1/T2. In this mode, the device periodically samples the status of pin T0/T1/T2 once for each machine cycle. Whenever the sampled result turns from 1 to 0, the device will count once on the counter. Becarefully, this kind of implementation for the counter requires the high-duty or low-duty from pin T0/T1/T2 and must not too short compared to a machine cycle. There are two SFR designed to configure timers T0 and T1. They are TMOD, and TCON. There are extra two SFR designed to configure timer T2. They are T2MOD, and T2CON. SFR: TMOD
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0
(for timer1 use) GATE
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(for timer0 use) M0 GATE C//T M1 M0
C//T
M1
GATE: Gating control when set. If GATE=1, Timer/Counter x is enabled only while "/INTx" pin is high and "TRx" control bit is set. When cleared Timer x is enabled whenever "TRx" control bit is set.
C//T: Timer or Counter function selector. 0: =timer, 1: =counter
{M1, M0}: mode select {0, 0}: = 13-bit timer/counter for Timer0 and Timer1 {0, 1}: = 16-bit timer/counter for Timer0 and Timer1 {1, 0}: = 8-bit timer/counter with automatic reload for Timer0 and Timer1 {1, 1}: = for Timer0: = TL0 is 8-bit timer/counter, TH0 is locked into 8-bit timer for Timer1:= Timer/Counter1 Stopped
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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SFR: TCON
Bit-7 TF1 Bit-6 TR1 Bit-5 TF0 Bit-4 TR0 Bit-3 IE1 Bit-2 IT1 Bit-1 IE0 Bit-0 IT0
TF1: = Timer1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the processor vectors to the interrupt routine, or clearing the bit in software. TR1: = Timer1 run control bit. Set/Cleared by software. TF0: = Timer0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the processor vectors to the interrupt routine, or clearing the bit in software. TR0: = Timer1 run control bit. Set/Cleared by software. IE1: = Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. IT1: = Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/Cleared by software to specified falling edge/low level triggered interrupt. IE0: = Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. IT0: = Interrupt 0 type control bit. Set/Cleared by software to specified falling edge/low level triggered interrupt.
SFR: T2MOD
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 T2OE Bit-0 DCEN
T2OE: Timer 2 Output Enable bit. It enables Timer2 overflow rate to toggle P1.0. DCEN: Down Count Enable bit. When set, this allows Timer2 to be configured as a down counter.
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SFR: T2CON
Bit-7 TF2 Bit-6 EXF2 Bit-5 RCLK Bit-4 TCLK Bit-3 EXEN2 Bit-2 TR2 Bit-1 C//T2 Bit-0 CP/RL2
TF2 : Timer2 overflow flag. It will be set by a Timer2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set when either TCLK or RCLK =1. EXF2 :Timer2 external flag. It will be set when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on pin T2EX and EXEN2=1. When Timer2 interrupt is enabled, EXF2=1 will cause the CPU to vector to he timer2 interrupt routine. EXF2 must be cleared by software. EXF2 does not cause an interrupt in Auto-Reload Up-Down mode (ARUD). RCLK: When set causes the serial port to use Timer2 overflow pulse for its receive clock in mode and mode 3. RCLK=0 causes Timer1 overflow pulse to be used. TCLK: When set causes the serial port to use Timer2 overflow pulse for its transmit clock in mode 1 and mode 3. RCLK=0 causes Timer1 overflow pulse to be used. EXEN2: Timer-2 external enable flag. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur. As a result of a negative transition on T2EX if Timer2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2=0 causes Timer2 to ignore events at T2EX. TR2: Start/Stop control for Timer2.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
MEGAWIN
C/T2: Timer or counter select. 0 is for timer and 1 is for external event counter. CP/RL2: Capture/Reload flag. When set, captures will occurs on a negative transition at T2EX if EXEN2=1. When cleared, auto-reloads will occur either with Timer2 overflows or a negative transition at T2EX when EXEN2=1. When whether TCLK or RCLK is 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload on Timer2 overflow.
TIMER0 (T0) AND TIMER1 (T1)
Mode 0 The timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As when the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the timer interrupt flag TFx. The counted input is enabled to the timer when TRx = 1 and either GATE=0 or INTx = 1. Mode 0 operation is the same for Timer0 and Timer1.
OSC/12 T0 or T1 pin (sampled) C//T
0 1
0 1
TLx[4:0] THx[7:0]
TFx
Interrupt
TRx GATE /INTx
Mode 0
Mode 1 Mode1 is the same as Mode0, except that the timer register is being run with all 16 bits.
OSC/12 www..com pin T0 or T1 (sampled) C//T TRx GATE /INTx 0 1 0 1 TLx[7:0] THx[7:0] TFx Interrupt
Mode 1
Mode 2 Mode 2 configures the timer register as an 8-bit counter (TLx) with automatic reload. Overflow from TLx does not only set TFx, but also reloads TLx with the content of THx, which is determined by user's program. The reload leaves THx unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer0 and Timer1.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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0 OSC/12 T0 or T1 pin (Sampled) C//T TRx GATE /INTx 0 1 1
TLx [7:0]
TFx
Interrupt
Reload THx [7:0]
Mode 2
Mode 3 Timer1 in Mode3 simply holds its count, the effect is the same as setting TR1 = 1. Timer0 in Mode 3 enables TL0 and TH0 as two separate 8-bit counters. TL0 uses the Timer0 control bits such like C/T, GATE, TR0, INT0 and TF0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (can not be external event counter) and take over the use of TR1, TF1 from Timer1. TH0 now controls the Timer1 interrupt.
0 OSC/12 Sampled T0 pin C//T TR0 GATE /INT0 0 1 1 TL0 [7:0] TF0 Interrupt
Mode 3
0 1 TH0 [7:0] TF1 Interrupt
XTAL2
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TR1
TIMER2
Timer2 is a 16-bit timer/counter which can operate as either an event timer or an event counter as selected by C//T2 in the special function register T2CON. Timer2 has four operation modes: Capture Mode (CP), Auto-Reload Up/Down Mode (ARUD), Auto-Reload Up-Only mode (ARUO) and Baud-Rate Generator Mode (BRG).
Logical OR (RCLK, TCLK) x 1 0 0 0 Timer2 Mode Table CP/RL2 x x 1 0 0 TR2 0 1 1 1 1 DCEN x 0 0 0 1 Mode OFF Baud-Rate Generation Capture Auto-Reload Up-only Auto-Reload Up/Down
16
MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Timer2 is also can be configured as a periodical signal generator. The MPC89x54A is able to generate a programmable clock output on P1.0. When T2OE bit is set and C//T2 bit is cleared, Timer2 overflow pulse will generate a 50% duty clock and output that to P1.0. The frequency of clock-out is calculated according to the following formula.
Oscillator frequency 4 x (65536 - RCAP2H, RCAP2L)
In the clock-out mode, Timer2 rollovers will not generate an interrupt.
Capture Mode (CP) In the Capture mode, Timer2 is incremented by either OSC/12 or external pin (T2) 1-to-0 transition. TR2 controls the event to timer2 and a 1-to-0 transition on T2EX pin will trigger RCAP2H and RCAP2L registers to capture the Timer2 contents onto them if EXEN2 is set. An overflow in Timer2 sets TF2 flag and a 1-to-0 transition in T2EX pin sets EXF2 flag if EXEN2=1. TF2 and EXF2 is ORed to request the interrupt service.
0 1 TL2 [7:0] TH2[7:0] TF2
OSC/12 T2 pin C//T2 TR2
0 1
RCAP2L [7:0]
RCAP2H [7:0]
Interrupt
T2EX pin www..com EXEN2
EXF2
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Auto-Reload Up-Only Mode (ARUO) In ARUO mode, Timer2 can be configured to count up with a software-defined value to be reloaded. When reset is applied to the DCEN =0 and CP/RL2=0, Timer2 is at ARUO mode. An overflow on Timer2 or 1-to-0 transition on T2EX pin will load RCAP2H and RCAP2L contents onto Timer2, also set TF2 and EXF2, respectively.
OSC/12 T2 pin C//T2
0 1
0 1
TL2 [7:0]
TH2[7:0]
TF2
TR2
RCAP2L [7:0] RCAP2H [7:0]
Interrupt EXF2
T2EX pin
EXEN2
Auto-Reload Up-Down Mode (ARUD) In ARUD mode, Timer2 can be configured to count up or down. When DCEN =1 and CP/RL2=0, Timer2 is at ARUD mode. The counting direction is determined by T2EX pin. If T2EX=1, counting up, otherwise counting down. An overflow on Timer2 will set TF2 and toggle EXF2. EXF2 cannot generate interrupt request in this mode. If the counting direction is DOWN, the overflow loads 0xFFFF onto Timer2 and if counting direction is UP, the overflow loads RCAP2H, RCAP2L contents www..com onto Timer2.
FFH
FFH
EXF2
OSC/12 T2 pin C//T2
0 1
0 1
TL2 [7:0]
TH2[7:0]
TF2 Interrupt
TR2
RCAP2L [7:0]
RCAP2H [7:0]
T2EX pin
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Baud-Rate Generator Mode (BRG) Timer2 can be configured to generate various baud-rate. Bit TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON allow the serial port transmit and receive baud rates to be derived from either Timer1 or Timer2. When TCLK=0, Timer1 is used as the serial port transmit baud rate generator. When TCLK=1, Timer2 is used as the serial port transmit baud rate generator. RCLK has the same effect for the serial port baud rate. With these two bits, the serial port can have different receive and transmit baud rates - one generated from Timer1 and the other from Timer2. In BRG mode, Timers is operated very like auto-reload up-only mode except that the T2EX pin cannot control reload. An overflow on Timer2 will load RCAP2H, RCAP2L contents onto
Timer2, but TF2 will not be set. A 1-to-0 transition on P2EX pin can set EXF2 to request interrupt service if EXEN2=1. The baud rate in UART Mode1 and Mode3 are determined by Timer2's overflow rate given below:
Timer2 overflow rate 16
Baud Rate =
(counting T2EX)
Baud Rate =
Oscillator Frequency [32 x [65536 - (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) ] ]
(as a timer)
Timer1 overflow
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2 "0" "1" SMOD OSC/12 T2 pin C//T2 TR2 "1"
RCAP2L[7:0] RCAP2H[7:0]
0 1
0 1
TL2[7:0]
TH2[7:0]
"1"
"0" RCLK 16 "0" TCLK 16 TX Clock RX Clock
T2EX pin
EXF2
Timer2 interrupt
EXEN2
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Interrupt
There are eight interrupt sources available in MPC89x54A. Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the SFR named IE. This register also contains a global disable bit (EA), which can be cleared to disable all interrupts at once. Each interrupt source has two corresponding bits to represent its priority. One is located in SFR named IPH and the other in IP/XICON register. Higher-priority interrupt will be not interrupted by lower-priority interrupt request. If two interrupt requests of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the request of higher priority is serviced. If interrupt requests of the same priority level are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is serviced. The following table shows the internal polling sequence in the same priority level and the interrupt vector address. Source External interrupt 0 Timer 0 External interrupt 1 Timer1 Serial Port Timer2 External interrupt 2 External interrupt 3 Vector address 03H 0BH 13H 1BH 23H 2BH 33H 3BH Priority within level 1 (highest) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The external interrupt /INT0, /INT1, /INT2 and /INT3 each can be either level-activated or transition-activated, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in SFR TCON, IT2 and IT3 and XICON. The flags that actually generate these interrupts are bits IE0 and IE1 in TCON, IE2 and IE3 in XICON. When an www..com external interrupt is generated, the flag that generated it is cleared by the hardware.
When the service routine is vectored to only if the interrupt was transition -activated, and then the external requesting source controls the request flag, rather than the on-chip hardware. The Timer0 and Timer1 interrupts are generated by TF0 and TF1, which are set by a rollover in their respective Timer/Counter registers in most cases. When a timer interrupt is generated, the flag, which generated it, is cleared by the on-chip hardware as soon as the service routine is vectored to. The serial port interrupt is generated by the logical OR of RI and TI. Neither of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. The service routine should poll RI and TI to determine which one to request service and it will be cleared by software. The timer2 interrupt is generated by the logical OR of TF2 and EXF2. Just the same as serial port, neither of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. All of the bits that generate interrupts can be set or cleared by software, and it has the same 20 MPC89x54A Data Sheet MEGAWIN
impact as done through by hardware. In other words, interrupts or pending interrupts can be generated or canceled in software. The following content describes several SFR related to interrupt mechanism.
SFR: IE (Interrupt Enabling):
Bit-7 EA EA: Bit-6 Bit-5 ET2 Bit-4 ES Bit-3 ET1 Bit-2 EX1 Bit-1 ET0 Bit-0 EX0
Global disables all interrupts when cleared.
ET2: When set, enables Timer2 interrupt. ES: When set, enables the serial port interrupt.
ET1: When set, enables Timer1 interrupt. EX1: When set, enables external interrupt 1. ET0: When set, enables Timer 0 interrupt. EX0: When set, enables external interrupt 0.
SFR: IP (Interrupt Priority Low):
Bit-7 PT2: PS: PT1: PX1: PT0: Bit-6 Bit-5 PT2 Bit-4 PS Bit-3 PT1 Bit-2 PX1 Bit-1 PT0 Bit-0 PX0
If set, Set priority for timer2 interrupt higher If set, Set priority for serial port interrupt higher If set, Set priority for timer1 interrupt higher If set, Set priority for external interrupt 1 higher If set, Set priority for timer0 interrupt higher
www..comIf set, Set priority for external interrupt 0 higher PX0:
SFR: IPH (Interrupt Priority High):
Bit-7 PX3H PX3H: PX2H: PT2H: PSH: PT1H: PX1H: PT0H: PX0H: Bit-6 PX2H Bit-5 PT2H Bit-4 PSH Bit-3 PT1H Bit-2 PX1H Bit-1 PT0H Bit-0 PX0H
If set, Set priority for external interrupt 3 highest If set, Set priority for external interrupt 2 highest If set, Set priority for timer2 interrupt highest If set, Set priority for serial port interrupt highest If set, Set priority for timer1 interrupt highest If set, Set priority for external interrupt 1 highest If set, Set priority for timer0 interrupt highest If set, Set priority for external interrupt 0 highest
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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IP (or XICON) and IPH are combined to form 4-level priority interrupt as the following table. {IPH.x , IP.x} 11 10 01 00 Priority Level 1 (highest) 2 3 4
SFR: XICON (External Interrupt Control):
Bit-7 PX3 Bit-6 EX3 Bit-5 IE3 Bit-4 IT3 Bit-3 PX2 Bit-2 EX2 Bit-1 IE2 Bit-0 IT2
PX3 : If set, Set priority for external interrupt 3 higher EX3 : If set, Enables external interrupt 3. IE3 IT3 : Interrupt 3 Edge flag. Sets by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. : Interrupt 3 type control bit. Set/Cleared by software to specified falling edge/low level triggered interrupt.
PX2 : If set, Set priority for external interrupt 3 higher EX2 : If set, enables external interrupt 2. IE2 IT2 : Interrupt 2 Edge flag. Sets by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. : Interrupt 2 types control bit. Set/Cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered interrupt.
Watchdog Timer
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CLK/12
8
8-bit pre-scalar timer 15-bit WDT RESET
ENW
IDLE WIDL
PS0 PS1 PS2 CLRW
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SFR: WDTCR (Watchdog Timer Control):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 ENW Bit-4 CLRW Bit-3 WIDL Bit-2 PS2 Bit-1 PS1 Bit-0 PS0
ENW: Enable WDT while it is set. ENW cannot be cleared by firmware. 1: = enable watchdog timer, 0: = does not use watchdog timer CLRW: Clear WDT to recount while it is set. Hardware will automatically clear this bit. WIDL: Set this bit to disable WDT generating reset even though the C is in idle mode. {PS2, PS1, PS0}: select the pre-scalar output. {0, 0, 0}: = set the pre-scaling value 2 {0, 0, 1}: = set the pre-scaling value 4 {0, 1, 0}: = set the pre-scaling value 8 {0, 1, 1}: = set the pre-scaling value 16 {1, 0, 0}: = set the pre-scaling value 32 {1, 0, 1}: = set the pre-scaling value 64 {1, 1, 0}: = set the pre-scaling value 128 {1, 1, 1}: = set the pre-scaling value 256
Serial IO Port (UART)
The serial port of MPC89x54A is duplex. It can transmit and receive simultaneously. The receiving and transmitting of the serial port share the same SFR SBUF, but actually there are two SBUF registers implemented in the chip, one is for transmitting and the other is for receiving. The serial port can be operated in 4 different modes. Mode 0 Generally, this mode purely is used to extend the I/O features of this device. Operating under this mode, the device receives the serial data or transmits the serial data via pin
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RXD, while there is a clock stream shifted via pin TXD which makes convenient for external synchronization. An 8-bit data is serially transmitted/received with LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency.
Mode1 A 10-bits data is serially transmitted through TXD or received through RXD. The frame data includes a start bit (0), 8 data bits and a stop bit (1). After the receiving, the device will keep the stop bit in RB8 which from SRF SCON.
Baud Rate (for Mode 1) =
2 SMOD 32
X
(Timer-1 overflow rate)
or =
(Timer-2 overflow rate)
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Mode2 An 11-bit data is serially transmitted through TXD or received through RXD. The frame data includes a start bit (0), 8 data bits, a programmable 9th bit and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the 9th data bit comes from TB8 in SFR SCON. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in SCON. The baud rate is programmable, and permitted to be set either 1/32 or 1/64 the oscillator frequency.
Baud Rate (for Mode 2)
=
2 SMOD 64
X
Fosc
Mode3 Mode 3 is the same as mode 2 except the baud rate is variable.
Baud Rate (for Mode 3) =
2 SMOD 32
X
(Timer-1 overflow rate)
or =
(Timer-2 overflow rate)
16
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. www..com Reception is initiated in mode 0 by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is
initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit with 1-to-0 transition if REN=1.
There are several SFR related to serial port configuration described as following. SFR: SCON (Serial Port Control):
Bit-7 SM0/FE Bit-6 SM1 Bit-5 SM2 Bit-4 REN Bit-3 TB8 Bit-2 RB8 Bit-1 TI Bit-0 RI
FE: Frame Error bit. This bit is set by the receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. The FE bit is not cleared by valid frames, but should be cleared by software. The SMOD0 (PCON.6) bit must be set to enable access to the FE bit. { SM0, SM1 }: Used to set operating mode of the serial port. It is enabled to access by clearing SMOD0. { 0, 0 } := set the serial port operate under Mode 0 { 0, 1 } := set the serial port operate under Mode 1 { 1, 0 } := set the serial port operate under Mode 2 { 1, 1 } := set the serial port operate under Mode 3
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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SM2: Enable the automatic address recognition feature in mode 2 and 3. If SM2=1, RI will not be set unless the received 9th data bit is 1, indicating an address, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast address. In mode1, if SM2=1 then RI will not be set unless a valid stop Bit was received, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast address. REN: Enable the serial port reception. 1 := enable 0 := disable
TB8: The 9th data bit, which will be transmitted in Mode 2 and Mode 3. RB8: In mode 2 and 3, the received 9th data bit will go into this bit. TI: Transmit interrupt flag. After a transmit has been finished, the hardware will set this bit. RI: Receive interrupt flag. After reception has been finished, the hardware will set this bit.
SFR: SBUF (Serial port Buffer register):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0 (data to be transmitted or received data)
Automatic Address Recognition There is an extra feature makes the device convenient to act as a master, which communicates to multiple slaves simultaneously. It is really Automatic Address Recognition. There are two SFR SADDR and SADEN implemented in the device. The user can read or write both of them. Finally, the hardware will make use of these two SFR to "generate" a "compared byte". The formula specifies as following.
Bit[ i ] of Compared Byte = (SADEN[ i ] == 1 )? SADDR[ i ] : x
www..com For example:
Set SADDR = 11000000b Set SADEN = 11111101b The achieved "Compared Byte" will be "110000x0" For another example: Set SADDR = 11100000b Set SADEN = 11111010b The achieved "Compared Byte" will be "11100x0x"
(x means don't care)
After the generic "Compared Byte" has been worked out, the MPC89x54A will make use of this byte to determine how to set the bit RI in SFR SCON.
Normally, an UART will set bit RI whenever it has done a byte reception; but for the UART in the MPC89x54A, if the bit SM2 is set, it will set RI according to the following formula.
RI
=
(SM2 == 1) && (SBUF == Compared Byte) && (RB8 == 1)
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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In other words, not all data reception will respond to RI, while specific data does. By setting the SADDR and the SADEN, the user can filter out those data byte that doesn't like to care. This feature brings great help to reduce software overhead.
The above feature adapts to the serial port when operated in Mode1, Mode2, and Mode3. Dealing with Mode 0, the user can ignore it.
Frame Error Detection A missing bit in stop bit will set the FE bit in the SCON register. The FE bit shares the SCON bit 7 with SM0 and its actual function for SCON.7 is determined by SMOD0 (PCON.6). If SMOD0 is set, SCON.7 functions as FE, otherwise functions as SM0. When used as FE bit, it can only be cleared by software.
Reset
The RESET pin is used to reset this device. It is connected into the device to a Schmitt Trigger buffer to get excellent noise immunity. Any positive pulse from RESET pin must be kept at least two-machine cycle, or the device cannot be reset.
Power Saving Mode and POF
There are two power saving modes which are selectable to drive the MPC89x54A to enter power-saving mode.
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1. IDLE mode The user can set the bit PCON.0 to drive this chip entering IDLE mode. In the IDLE mode, the internal clock is gated off to the CPU, but not to the interrupt, timer and serial port functions. There are two ways to terminate the idle. Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware to terminating the idle mode. The interrupt will be serviced, and following RETI, the next instruction to be executed will be performed right after the instruction that causes the device entering to idle mode. Another way to wake-up from idle is to pull RESET pin high to generate internal hardware reset.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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2. POWER-DOWN mode The user can set the bit PCON.1 to drive this chip entering POWER-DOWN mode. In the POWER-DOWN mode, the on-chip oscillator is stopped. The contents of on-chip RAM and SFRs are maintained. The power-down mode can be woken-up by either hardware reset or /INT0, /INT1, /INT2 and /INT3 external interrupts. When it is woken-up by RESET pin, the program will execute from the address 0x0000, and be carefully to keep RESET pin active for at least 10ms in order to get a stable clock while waking up this chip from POWER-DOWN mode. If it is woken-up from I/O, the program will jump to related interrupt service routine. To use I/O wake-up, interrupt-related registers have to be programmed accurately before power-down is entered. Pay attention to add at least one "NOP" instruction subsequent to the power-down instruction if I/O waken-up is used. Mode Idle Idle Power-Down Power-Down Program Memory Internal External Internal External ALE 1 1 0 0 PSEN 1 1 0 0 Port0 Data Float Data Float Port1 Data Data Data Data Port2 Data Address Data Data Port3 Data Data Data Data
Pin Status in IDLE Mode and POWER-DOWN Mode
3. POWER-ON FLAG (POF) The register bit in PCON.4 is set only by power-on action. System RESET from watch-dog-timer, software RESET and RESET pin can not set this bit. It can be cleared by firmware.
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In System Programming (ISP)
To develop a good program for ISP function, the user has to understand the architecture of the embedded flash. The embedded flash consists of 30 pages. Each page contains 512 bytes. Dealing with flash, the user must erase it in page unit before writing (programming) data into it. Erasing flash means setting the content of that flash as FFh. Two erase modes are available in this chip. One is mass mode and the other is page mode. The mass mode gets more performance, but it erases the entire flash. The page mode is something performance less, but it is flexible since it erases flash in page unit. Unlike RAM's real-time operation, to erase flash or to write (program) flash often takes longer time to finish.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Furthermore, it is a quite complex timing procedure to erase/program flash. Fortunately, the MPC89x54A carried with convenient mechanism to help the user read/change the flash content. Just filling the target address and data into several SFR, and triggering the built-in ISP automation, the user can easily erase, read, and program the embedded flash and option registers OR1.
There are several SFR designed to help the user implement the ISP functionality.
SFR: IFD (ISP Flash Data register):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0 (Data to be written into flash, or data got from flash) IFD is the data port register for ISP operation. The data in IFD will be written into the desired address in operating ISP write and it is the data window of readout in operating ISP read.
SFR: IFADRH (ISP Flash Address High):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0 (High byte of the address pointing to flash memory) IFADRH is the high-byte address port for all ISP modes.
SFR: IFADRL (ISP Flash Address Low):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0 (Low byte of the address pointing to flash memory) IFADRL is the low-byte address port for all ISP modes.
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SFR: IFMT (ISP Flash Mode Table):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 reserved Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Mode Selection Bit-0
Mode Selection 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
To Operate Standby AP-memory read AP-memory/Data-flash program AP-memory/Data-flash page erase OR1 memory erase (IFADRL[0]=1). OR1 memory read ( IFADRL[0] =1) OR1 memory program ( IFADRL[0] = 1)
Note: OR0 cannot be changed by ISP operation. It can be accessed only by Writer. Only OR1 can be changed by ISP program.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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SFR: SCMD (Sequential Command Data register for ISP):
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0 ISP-Command (Device ID) SCMD is the command port for triggering ISP activity. If SCMD is filled with sequential 46h, B9h and if ISPCR.7 = 1, ISP activity will be triggered. When this register is read, the device ID of MPC89x54A will be returned (2 bytes). The MSB byte of DID is F1h and LSB byte 04h. IFADRL[0] is used to select HIGH/LOW byte of DID.
SFR: ISPCR (ISP Control register):
Bit-7 ISPEN Bit-6 SWBS Bit-5 SWRST Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 WAIT Bit-0
ISPEN: ISP function enabling bit 0: = Disable ISP program to change flash 1: = Enable ISP program to change flash SWBS: Secondary Booting program selecting 0: = Boot from main-memory. 1: = Boot from ISP memory. SWRST: software reset trigger 0: = No operation 1: = Generate software system reset. It will be cleared by hardware automatically. Notice: Software reset actions could reset other SFR, but it never influences bits ISPEN and SWBS. The ISPEN and SWBS only will be reset by power-up action, not software reset. WAIT: Waiting time selection while the flash is busy. CPU Wait time (Machine Cycle) Program Read Recommended System clock 240 43 40M 120 22 20M 60 11 10M 30 6 5M
ISPCR[2:0] 000 001 010 011
Page Erase 43769 21885 10942 5471
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Procedures demonstrating ISP function
IFMT xxxxx011 b ISPCR 100xx010b IFADRH (page address high byte) IFADRL (page address low byte) SCMD 46h SCMD B9h (CPU progressing will be hold here ) (CPU continues) /* choice page-erasing command */ /* set ISPEN=1 to enable flash change. set WAIT=010, 10942 MC; assumed 10M X's*/ /* specify the address of the page to be erased */ /* trig ISP activity */
Erase a specific flash page
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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IFMT xxxxx010 b ISPCR 100xx010b IFADRH (Address high byte) IFADRL (Address low byte) IFD (byte date to be written into flash) SCMD 46h SCMD B9h (CPU progressing will be hold here) (CPU continues)
/* choice byte-programming command */ /* set ISPEN=1 to enable flash change. set WAIT=010, 60 MC; assumed 10M X's*/ /* specify the address to be programmed */ /* prepare data source */ /* trig ISP activity */
Program a byte into flash IFMT xxxxx001 b ISPCR 100xx010b /* choice byte-read command */ /* set ISPEN=1 to enable flash change. set WAIT=010, 11 MC; assumed 10M X's*/ /* specify the address to be read */
IFADRH (Address high byte) IFADRL (Address low byte) SCMD 46h /* trig ISP activity */ SCMD B9h (CPU progressing will be hold here) (CPU continues and currently IFD contain the desired data byte )
Read a byte from flash
Booting Program Entrance The MPC89x54A boots according to the following rule.
If ( HWBS == 0 )
&&
( { ISPAS1, ISPAS0}
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System will boot from ISP program else
{ 1, 1 })
System will boot from normal AP program
Above rule is adaptive only for power-up procedure, while not software reset.
Switching from ISP program to AP program The device permits the user normally start running the AP program as soon as the ISP program has finished updating the flash content. Just program an instruction at the tail of ISP program as
ISPCR
001xxxxxb
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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which disables flash-writing authority, set SWBS 0, and trigger a software reset. After that, the system will be reset (not powered-up), and the system will refer to SWBS to startup from AP program entrance. For power-up procedure, the HWBS will be referred to decide the program entrance, but for software reset, SWBS will be referred to.
Switch to the ISP program from AP program The device also permits the user program switches directly to the ISP program. Just program an instruction in the AP program as
ISPCR
x11xxxxxb
which sets SWBS 1 to direct the device boot from AP program, and trigger a software reset. After that, the system will be reset (not powered-up), and the system will refer to SWBS to startup from ISP program entrance.
In-Application Program
The In-Application Program feature is designed for user to Read/Write nonvolatile data flash. It may bring great help to store parameters those should be independent of power-up and power-done action. In other words, the user can store data in data flash memory, and after shutting down the MCU and rebooting the MCU, user still can get the original value, which had stored in. The user can program the data flash according to the same way as ISP program, and gets deeper understanding related to SFR IFD, IFADRL, IFADRH, IFMT, SCMD, and ISPCR.
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flash can be programmed by the AP program as well as the ISP program.
The ISP program may program the AP memory and data flash, while the AP program may program the data flash but not the ISP memory. If the AP program desires to change the ISP memory associated with specific address space, the hardware will ignore it.
Note : Even the users do not need ISP space, the OR0[5:4] still needs to be programmed with {10} if IAP data flash is desired. In other words, the maximum available size in data flash for IAP operation is 46K bytes.
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Note for Other SFR
SFR: AUXR
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 ERAM Bit-0 AO
ERAM: Define if hide the expanded RAM, so to access to the external RAM 0: = The internal auxiliary RAM access is enabled 1: = The internal auxiliary RAM access is disabled. The MOVX instructions always direct to external RAM. AO: 0: = ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency for 12T mode, and at a constant rate of 1/3 the oscillator frequency for 6T mode 1: = ALE is active only during access to external memory for both MOVC and MOVX
SFR: AUXR1
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 GF2 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0 DPS
GF2: General purpose flag DPS: Data pointer switch 0: = Make the data pointer-0 active 1: = Make the data pointer-1 active
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Absolute Maximum Rating (MPC89E54A)
Parameter Ambient temperature under bias Storage temperature Voltage on any Port I/O Pin or RST with respect to Ground Voltage on VCC with respect to Ground Maximum total current through VCC and Ground Maximum output current sunk by any Port pin Rating -55 ~ +125 -65 ~ + 150 -0.5 ~ VCC + 0.5 -0.5 ~ +6.0 500 40 Unit
C C
V V mA mA
*Note: stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Characteristics (MPC89E54A)
VSS = 0V, TA = 25 and 12 clocks per machine cycle ,unless otherwise specified
Symbol VIL1 VIL2 VIH1 VIH2 IOL1
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Parameter Input low voltage (P0, 1,2,3,4) Input low voltage (RESET) Input high voltage (P0, 1, 2, 3, 4,EA) Input high voltage (RESET) Sinking Current for output Low (P1, P2, P3, P4) Sinking Current for output Low (P0, ALE, PSEN)
Test Condition
Vcc=5.0V Vcc=5.0V Vcc =5.0V Vcc=5.0V Vcc=5.0V
Specification Min. Typ. Max. 0.8 1.6 2.0 3.0 4 6
Unit V V V V mA
IOL2
Vcc=5.0V
8
12
mA
IOH1
Sourcing Current for output High (P1, P2, P3, P4)
Vcc = 5.0V
150
220
uA
IOH2
Sourcing Current for output High (ALE, PSEN)
Vcc = 5.0V
14
20
mA
IIL ITL ICC IIDLE IPD Rrst
Logic 0 input current (P1,2,3,4) Logic 1 to 0 transition current (P1,2,3,4) Operating current @20MHz Idle mode current @ 20MHz Power down current
Internal pull-down resistance in RESET
Vpin=0V Vpin=2.0V Vcc=5.0V Vcc=5.0V Vcc=5.0V
18 270
50 600 30 7 50
uA uA mA mA uA ohm
45K~116K
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
33
Absolute Maximum Rating (MPC89L54A)
Parameter Ambient temperature under bias Storage temperature Voltage on any Port I/O Pin or RST with respect to Ground Voltage on VCC with respect to Ground Maximum total current through VCC and Ground Maximum output current sunk by any Port pin Rating -55 ~ +125 -65 ~ + 150 -0.3 ~ VCC + 0.3 -0.3 ~ +4.2 500 40 Unit
C C
V V mA mA
*Note: stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Characteristics (MPC89L54A)
VSS = 0V, TA = 25 and 12 clocks per machine cycle ,unless otherwise specified
Symbol VIL1 VIL2 VIH1 VIH2 IOL1
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Parameter Input low voltage (P0, 1,2,3,4) Input low voltage (RESET) Input high voltage (P0, 1, 2, 3, 4,EA) Input high voltage (RESET) Sinking Current for output Low (P1, P2, P3, P4) Sinking Current for output Low (P0, ALE, PSEN) Sourcing Current for output High (P1, P2, P3, P4) Sourcing Current for output High (ALE, PSEN) Logic 0 input current (P1,2,3,4) Logic 1 to 0 transition current (P1,2,3,4) Operating current @20MHz Idle mode current @ 20MHz Power down current
Internal pull-down resistance in RESET
Test Condition
Vcc=3.3V Vcc=3.3V Vcc =3.3V Vcc=3.3V Vcc=3.3V Vcc=3.3V Vcc = 3.3V Vcc =3.3V Vpin=0V Vpin=2.0V Vcc=3.3V Vcc=3.3V Vcc=3.3V
Specification Min. Typ. Max. 0.8 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 5 40 8 4 8 70 13 8 110 50 600 30 6 50 45K~116K
Unit V V V V mA mA uA mA uA uA mA mA uA ohm
IOH1 IOH2 IIL ITL ICC IIDLE IPD Rrst
34
MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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Package Dimension
40-pin PDIP (MPC89x54AE)
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
35
44-pin PLCC (MPC89x54AP)
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36
MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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44-pin PQFP (MPC89x54AF)
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MPC89x54A Data Sheet
37
Revision History
Version A3 A4 A5 Date 2004/10 2004/11 P27 2005/01 Page - reorganized - Added Procedures demonstrating ISP function - Re-Format - Mark the reset pin resistance - Remove the read-only limitation on SFR AUXR - Document on option register OR1.7 Description
- Fix the Baud-Rate-Computing formula for Timer-1
A6 A7 A8 2005/01 2005/3/30 P6 2005/6/14 P5, 8, 33 - Fix ISP start address incorrect - Update PQFP-44 package shape - Modify pin /EA location for PDIP and PLCC package - Modify bits definition for SFR PCON - Absolute Maximum Rating A9 A10 A11 2006/09 P33, 34 2007/03 P33 2007/12 P2 P34, 35 A12
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- Revises the possible operating temperature. - Modify the Storage Temperature - Add 2.7V requirement in flash write operation. - Modify Absolute Maximum Rating. - Formatting
2008/12
38
MPC89x54A Data Sheet
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